What you'll be doing

A movement disorder where exercise is a core, evidence-based part of management — improving mobility, balance and quality of life.

Approach: Large-amplitude movements (LSVT BIG approach) to counter bradykinesia/hypokinesia, plus strength, balance and facial mobility (for hypomimia).

• Left Hand Open - Close · Hand dexterity Large-amplitude finger extension and full fist closure counter bradykinesia (slowness) and help maintain fine-motor control.
  8 reps
• Right Hand Open - Close · Hand dexterity Large-amplitude finger extension and full fist closure counter bradykinesia (slowness) and help maintain fine-motor control.
  8 reps
• Right Arm Raise · Upper limb Big-amplitude shoulder flexion follows the LSVT BIG principle of moving bigger to recalibrate undersized movements.
  6 reps
• Left Arm Raise · Upper limb Big-amplitude shoulder flexion follows the LSVT BIG principle of moving bigger to recalibrate undersized movements.
  6 reps
• Mouth Open - Close · Facial mobility Orofacial movement targets hypomimia (reduced facial expression) and engages the speech/swallowing musculature.
  4 reps
• Right Eye Blink · Facial mobility Deliberate blinking activates the orbicularis oculi and addresses the reduced spontaneous blink rate common in Parkinson's.
  4 reps
• Left Eye Blink · Facial mobility Deliberate blinking activates the orbicularis oculi and addresses the reduced spontaneous blink rate common in Parkinson's.
  4 reps
• Right Leg Extension · Lower limb Large-amplitude hip abduction trains lower-limb control and lateral stability for balance.
  6 reps
• Left Leg Extension · Lower limb Large-amplitude hip abduction trains lower-limb control and lateral stability for balance.
  6 reps
• Sit Down, Stand Up · Functional strength Sit-to-stand builds lower-limb extensor strength and transfer ability (ACSM strength dose ~10-15 reps).
  8 reps

After a stroke, high-repetition, task-specific practice drives motor recovery through neuroplasticity. Doing both sides supports symmetry.

Approach: Repetitive, task-specific training (high repetitions) for the upper limb (grasp/release, reach), lower-limb sit-to-stand and hip control, and facial neuromuscular re-education for facial weakness.

• Left Hand Open - Close · Upper limb (task-specific) Repetitive grasp-and-release is core task-specific upper-limb practice; high repetition counts drive motor recovery. Train both sides for symmetry.
  10 reps
• Right Hand Open - Close · Upper limb (task-specific) Repetitive grasp-and-release is core task-specific upper-limb practice; high repetition counts drive motor recovery. Train both sides for symmetry.
  10 reps
• Right Arm Raise · Upper limb (reach) Shoulder flexion / reaching is a functional task-specific movement; repeated practice improves upper-limb control.
  8 reps
• Left Arm Raise · Upper limb (reach) Shoulder flexion / reaching is a functional task-specific movement; repeated practice improves upper-limb control.
  8 reps
• Sit Down, Stand Up · Functional strength Strong evidence: sit-to-stand training improves lower-limb strength, balance and gait, and trains symmetric weight-bearing.
  10 reps
• Right Leg Extension · Lower limb (hip control) Hip-abductor strengthening supports trunk/pelvis control in the frontal plane, important for balance during standing and gait.
  8 reps
• Left Leg Extension · Lower limb (hip control) Hip-abductor strengthening supports trunk/pelvis control in the frontal plane, important for balance during standing and gait.
  8 reps
• Mouth Open - Close · Facial re-education Mirror-guided, slow mouth movements are part of facial neuromuscular re-education for post-stroke facial weakness.
  5 reps
• Right Eye Blink · Facial re-education Gentle eye-closure retraining helps restore blink and facial symmetry; keep movements slow and unforced.
  5 reps
• Left Eye Blink · Facial re-education Gentle eye-closure retraining helps restore blink and facial symmetry; keep movements slow and unforced.
  5 reps

For osteoarthritis, gentle exercise is core treatment — it eases stiffness, maintains range of motion, and strengthens the muscles that protect the joints.

Approach: Range-of-motion / flexibility plus low-load strengthening of affected joints, kept within a comfortable, pain-free range (OARSI / ACR core recommendations).

• Left Hand Open - Close · Hand & finger mobility Range-of-motion finger movement is first-line exercise for hand osteoarthritis — it eases stiffness and preserves grip and dexterity.
  8 reps
• Right Hand Open - Close · Hand & finger mobility Range-of-motion finger movement is first-line exercise for hand osteoarthritis — it eases stiffness and preserves grip and dexterity.
  8 reps
• Right Arm Raise · Shoulder mobility Gentle shoulder range-of-motion keeps the joint mobile and reduces stiffness; move only as far as is comfortable.
  6 reps
• Left Arm Raise · Shoulder mobility Gentle shoulder range-of-motion keeps the joint mobile and reduces stiffness; move only as far as is comfortable.
  6 reps
• Right Leg Extension · Hip mobility & strength Hip abduction maintains hip range of motion and strengthens the abductors that support the hip and knee joints.
  6 reps
• Left Leg Extension · Hip mobility & strength Hip abduction maintains hip range of motion and strengthens the abductors that support the hip and knee joints.
  6 reps
• Sit Down, Stand Up · Knee strength Sit-to-stand strengthens the quadriceps — a core recommendation for knee osteoarthritis — kept gentle and within a pain-free range.
  6 reps

Building leg strength is a proven way to reduce falls in older adults. This program follows the strengthening core of the Otago Exercise Programme.

Approach: Lower-limb strengthening (quadriceps via sit-to-stand, hip abductors) plus controlled reaching — the strength component of Otago, which lowers falls by ~35%. Standing-balance holds should be added under professional supervision.

• Sit Down, Stand Up · Leg strength (Otago) Sit-to-stand builds quadriceps strength — a key Otago component shown to lower fall risk and ease everyday transfers.
  8 reps
• Right Leg Extension · Hip-abductor strength (Otago) Standing hip abduction strengthens the hip abductors that stabilize the pelvis during standing and walking.
  8 reps
• Left Leg Extension · Hip-abductor strength (Otago) Standing hip abduction strengthens the hip abductors that stabilize the pelvis during standing and walking.
  8 reps
• Right Arm Raise · Reach & posture Controlled reaching trains the shoulder and posture muscles used to recover balance and stay upright.
  6 reps
• Left Arm Raise · Reach & posture Controlled reaching trains the shoulder and posture muscles used to recover balance and stay upright.
  6 reps

A balanced, full-body maintenance routine in line with WHO physical-activity guidance for adults aged 65+ — to keep strength, mobility and independence.

Approach: Multicomponent activity: muscle strengthening of all major groups plus functional movement, as recommended by the WHO for older adults to maintain function and prevent falls.

• Right Arm Raise · Upper body Shoulder strengthening maintains upper-body function for everyday tasks like reaching and carrying.
  6 reps
• Left Arm Raise · Upper body Shoulder strengthening maintains upper-body function for everyday tasks like reaching and carrying.
  6 reps
• Left Hand Open - Close · Hand dexterity Opening and closing the hands maintains grip and fine-motor control for daily independence.
  8 reps
• Right Hand Open - Close · Hand dexterity Opening and closing the hands maintains grip and fine-motor control for daily independence.
  8 reps
• Right Leg Extension · Lower body Hip abduction strengthens the lower-limb and pelvis-stabilizing muscles used in walking.
  6 reps
• Left Leg Extension · Lower body Hip abduction strengthens the lower-limb and pelvis-stabilizing muscles used in walking.
  6 reps
• Sit Down, Stand Up · Functional strength Sit-to-stand maintains the leg strength needed for everyday transfers and helps prevent falls (WHO multicomponent recommendation).
  8 reps